In french language for every noun we have to use an article either definite article(le, la, l', les) or indefinite article(un,une,des) or partitive article (du, de la, de l',des).
The definite article is used to designate an object that has already been defined where le,la,l'and les is used for masculin noun ,feminin noun ,noun statred with vowel and plural respectively.
The indefinite article is used to designate an object that has not already been defined or identified precisely, where un, une and des is used for masculin noun, feminin noun and plural respectively.
The partitive article is used to designate an object referring to an indefinite article quantity like we use "some" and "any" in English, where du, de la, de l' and des is used for masculin noun, feminin noun, noun started with vowel and plural respectively. In partitive article the formation of "du" and "des" comes form "de+le" and "de+les" respectively.
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